LAD # 30: Brown vs. Board of Education

In Topeka Kansas in the Brown vs. the Board of Education, the Supreme Court made a landmark decision explicitely outlawing racial segregation. As it went against the United States Supreme Courts earlier decision which declared segregation legal, as long as it was separate but equal, this new suit realized that segregation was did not have separate but equal facilities. This new decision made by the Supreme Court made way for the integration and Civil Rights Movement nationwide. This win, called for schools to change its policies of racial segregation and separate elementary schools which were operated by the Topeka Kansas’ Board of Edu. In 1879, were able to keep laws and permit districts to have separate school facilities for the black and white population of twelve different communities that had a population well over fifteen thousand due to their magnitude. As the NAACP, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People worked to help stay true to it’s title by advancing the position of blacks, it was one of the most strong anti-segregation groups to improve integration between races and was affective in doing so. With the help the NAACP and the Supreme courts decision to overrule their previous declaration in Plessy vs. Fergusson, the soon were able to eliminate segregation in schools all across the country.

LAD #29: Truman Doctrine

March 12th, 1947 as the Truman Doctrine was presented infront of the Congress, it called to assist both the Greek and Turkish post World War II, with their problems. Faced with Communistic insurgents attempting control, Greece and Turkey needed help to face the dangerous path they were headed towards. As Greece and Turkey had both recently been liberated by the Germans, were in need of an army and strong infrastructure, without which they might collapse! Truman strongly supports their cause and felt they were in desperate need of aid. President Truman asked Congress for $400 million to send to these two countries, in aid to keep them from what would otherwise be an inevitable collapse. He tell Congress that if Greece can just get supplies and money from the United States they will be able to use it with the help of U.S advisors to get out of the poverty and political corruption that they are in. And it is up to the U.S. to save the Turkish Government since the United Nations are unable to aid them before they can escape from the wrath of Communism. As the Presidents first demonstration of his policy of containment, he tried to do whatever possible to keep Communism from spreading. Although the United Nations’ aid and very goal was to save these governments from the spread of Communism, they were too slow in progress to save these nations so quick to fall to these horrible fate. Truman knew this fact and advised the United States’ Congress to pacify and move as quickly as possible. Had the United Nations allowed the Soviets in their slow progress to take over the Greek Government, the charter would be broken and they as well as other nations would fall in their progress.

LAD #28: FDR's First Inaugural

On March 4th 1933, FDR gave his first Inaugural Address by means of a radio. “Revive and prosper,” he claims, as the promises to remain completely honest with his nation. He gives an inspirational speech which seems to fill the American’s with a sense of hope. He says that no matter how dark the times are, the United States has always and will always make their way back to the light. With so much for these people to really be grateful for, and their happiness, he talks about how work must bring this happiness and warns the people about material things that promote materialistic things. Roosevelt says that one of his biggest plans for the country was to get back on their feet and wants small relief activities planned, acting quickly to repair what was left of the economy before things in the Great Depression were able to get worse. One very positive aspect of Roosevelt’s first steps into his Presidency was that he was never afraid to ask for the people’s help and believed that trading with other nations is secondary to trading throughout our own nation. Roosevelt told us that in order to recover what we’ve lost we must first recover it and go back to pioneering times, or “priming the pump.” The Good Neighbor Policy was another positive attempt he made in his Presidency, which showed that people need to realize more strongly their interdependence on one another. The Constitution Roosevelt felt, was so practical that it could be followed easily and interpreted what he felt was needed.

LAD #27: Kellogg-Briand Peace Pact

For National Policy as nations were trying to sign the pact for perpetual peace, the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1929, it was made up that the war must be denounced. Those who are involved with this treaty though, must pursue peaceful solutions to everyday conflicts as well as tasks better defined. They rules did not apply also, if they chose to break it, and in this way there was much hope for the treaties founders that only the nations The Nations could join. Those you signed onto the Pact were such countries as Germany, Belgium, France, Great Britain and all of its protectors, Italy, Japan, Poland and it’s even the Czech Republic, and the United States. All of these articles which took place in the proposal would outline difference makes because people understand him better than most. The first article went on to renounce the war as a diplomatic means, while the second states have solved any means which are not peaceful and finally the third for the carrying out of this treaty, and you will learn real discipline real character to get it up the stairs.

LAD# 26: Schenck vs. US

On March 3rd 1919, the Chief Justice, Oliver Wendell Holmes delivered a speech of the Supreme Court charging them with a conspiracy they started which violated the Espionage Act. The Supreme Court obstructed the recruitment and enlistment of those serving in WWI and these men had illegally used federal pail to issue the pamphlets, and those accused of having created the pamphlets tried to manipulate men not to enlist. The Secretary of the Socialist Party, Schenk, was in charge of the headquarters of the Party and thus responsible for administering revolutionary materials and a socialist document which went over the 13th Amendment and said the Conscription Act violated the Amendment. The act was one of despotism, which only “wronged humanity.” It asked people to show their rights and their dislike of the draft. The pamphlet stated that the Conscription Act was being used as a part of the government conspiracy and the accused said the pamphlet was went with their freedom of speech, but the court ruled it illegality because of its harmfulness to the US people.

LAD#25: Wilson's 14 Points

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points were a basic outline of how he planned to keep the world away from war, understanding and stating that most of the conflict arises from Europe, he warned us to stay away from any secret treaties, which is the usual cause of world wars. In another one of his fourteen points he said that the atlantic sea needs to be free in all areas and many countries aren’t run properly in their current state, but in order to avoid war must be run by a different system of government, or said that the ‘national boarders must be re-adjusted’ saying that if we are able to do all this, than Europe alongside the rest of the countries will be able to avoid war and continue to live in peace, but if we failed to do this a great world war would be in store.

LAD #24: Clayton Anti-Trust Act

When the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1980 was deemed ineffective, a new Anti-Trust Act was passed in response known as the The Clayton Anti-Trust. It said that people were unable to discriminate pricing for customers just as they were unable to lessen their competition by creating monopolies. Many also changed their prices based on the economics and market of the time, and they allowed no transactions such as bribes, or even furnishing services or facilities for illegal processing. This act made sure to show that all had discriminatory effects. If they did not follow these rules, a fine would be issued for five thousand dollars and any damages a customer suffers must be covered for their attorney as well as suit. People have the right to sue and file claims in their jurisdiction but these anti-trust acts cannot be applicable to labor organizations. This act lastly states that no one person can obtain any part of the stock or share capital from a business, unless the stock is purchased for investment, and many courts have pledged to prevent any violations of the workable Clayton Anti-Trust Act.

LAD 23: Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

In times of heavy labor and the threat to many company’s of being exposed, a shocking report in 1900 was drawn up which showed the immense number of children involved in poor child labor throughout the United States, first sparking a movement. In 1908, the Nation Child Labor Committee came up with an idea to hire a photographer named Lewis Hines, to report on the “atrocities of child labor.” They were trying to show people how significant and terrible conditions for these children were and would stop at nothing to get what information they needed to show the effects on child wellbeing. The Keating-Owen Bill of 1916, was one of the first child labor laws passed after the governments control of interstate commerce. In the Governments hope of regulating child labor, the bill was able to ban the sale of products from places that used child labor eventually being said to be unconstitutional. Only a few years after this Bill was proposed, a heavily effective campaign came into play which went against the governments proposition for a set constitional amendment, and the first successful law of labor became the Fair Standards Act of 1938.

LAD #22: Wilson's First Inaugural

In Wilson’s First Inaugural, he calls for a continuation of his “”Democratic Revolution” after explaining how great American life is and how well it not only sets a strong example for others, it should look to a new view point as well. Wilson still complimented the United States for their free enterprise and great foundation it was built upon, but we have wasted natural resources left in the industrial Revolution which must be changed and government care of the workers should not be given up. While many have died, we as a country have continued to be strong and he made a point to reassure the people we have began to come together and have began looking our for each other. As Wilson realizes our potential of becoming a world power we need to continue to ensure the government does not hold too much power, and Wilson vows to work hard against a plan for a tariff, trying his best to improve the economy as well as US morals, and increase the standard of living for his people.

LAD #21: Dawes Act

The Dawes Act first allowed the President to survey and divide all Native American’s arable land into allotments for their individual uses. Section 2 however, says each Native American will choose his or her own allotment, and Section 3 says that an agent must certify each one, followed by Section 4 that says the natives cannot receive reservations of equal allotments, and then followed by Section 5, which says that the Sec. of the Interior will hold the allotments for the next 25 years. Section 6 says that after the completion of the Land Patent process, the holder of the allotment will be granted their citizenship also and the section which follows #7, gives the water rights of allotment with irritated land. Now Section 8 states that this act does not apply for the five civilized tribes however, and Section 9 gives certain funds to carry out the act. The last two Sections give the Power of Eminent Domain of the Congress and have power over the allotments, and also provides for the Southern Native Americans finally.

LAD #20: Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech

In 1896 on July 9th the Democratic National Convention was given a speech by William Jennings Bryan in the city of Chicago. The speech asked the question whether or not people would support the coinage of silver at the ratio of silver to gold at 16:1. This decision would cause much conflict and anxiety amongst all of the Democratic party, as one man said “they are all from Massachusetts, yet they want different things and each person comes up and says something different that they want,” showing the lack of order and failure to make up a solid decision. Instead of any longer petitioning these Democrats would simply try to defy the other, and keep arguing, mudslinging, and claiming unconstitionality among the others, when it came time for one specific income tax to be passed. On the other side of this, people are accusing them of resenting the national bank currency, while another thinks it is the governments job to coin the money claiming no one else has the power. But needless to say this speech was given to change the way money is coined based on these results.

LAD #19: Populist Party Platform

The Populist Party came about after the beginning of the Gilded Age after responding to the division of wealth into few big business owners’ hands while the rest of their workers fought for better conditions. Many of them felt that the majority of these people were not being fairly represented and in time the civilization would ruin itself due to so much corruption. As if they were were trying to make everyone happy, and then demand permanent labor union that stay protected underneath the law and the raise in wages so wealth is more fairly distributed. These people want RR regulation by the government, a set value ratio of gold to silver to be set to exactly 16:1, and more circulating currency so that everyone could cheapen it a bit and use it. They even believe that the government should regulate the telegraph in the common interest of it’s people and also try to help the money circulate as often and much as possible, and demand fair elections and the perseverance to favor the working class to get rid of the Pinkerton system.

LAD #18: McKinley's War Message

In the late 1890's, Cuban's revolted againt their Spanish rulers, while the United States decided to take a policy of neutrality, still however sending Madrid a letter requesting that Spanish stop all fighting and grant Cuba armistice. President McKinley, in support of the Cubans gave a speech to Congress explaining how Cuba was hurting their economy, trade was suffering, and on top of this much property we had in Cuba had been lost. The agreement was very important to the United States as they saw it as geographically important to remain in good ties with Cuba, and also felt that they owed it to Cuba to protect them and strengthen their once limited legal protection. Because of geography so close to the U.S, their issues went hand in hand to ours, and when the U.S's economy suffered they knew it was time to invtervene.After our ship the Maine was destructed, brutality had finally come to a head even as a neutral party. Wanting nothing more than a stable government to be headed through Cuba, the U.S promised to give provisions and continue to aid the Cubans as long as they were lacking these necessities and the President soon handed this issue over to Congress to deal with what he saw as a positive step towards saving the economy.